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Nov. l2', 1963 Filed June 7. 1960 w. v. MARBACH 3,1 10,058

SHIRRING MACHINE l5 Sheets-Sheet l W l w EM '-E lll flwwwg Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH 3,110,058

SHIRRING MACHINE Filed June 7, 1960 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 7. 1960 NOV. 12, 1963 W, v MARBACH 3,110,058

SHIRRING MACHINE Filed June '7. 1960 15 Sheets-Sheet 4 L Nm f5 JMJ/MMS Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 7. 1960 Nov. 12, 1963 W, v, MARBACH 3,110,058

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Nov. l2, 1963 w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE l5 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed June 7, 1960 Nw o INVENTOR. WAL/167 1./ M14/56H67! iM/@M97 Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed June '7, 1960 N\ Sl Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE l5 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed June '7, 1960 l Y l .Il.

Nov. 12, 1963 l w. v. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE 15 Sheets-Sheet l0 Filed June 7. 1960 aww NM.

Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH 3,110,058

SHIRRING MACHINE Filed June 7. 1960 15 Sheets-Sheet 1l W. V. MARBACH SHIRRING MACHINE Nov. 12, 1963 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed June '7, 1960 'JNVENTOR wn rf/e u mea/9c# Nov. l2, 1963 w. v. MARBACH 3,110,058

SHIRRING MACHINE Filed June 7, 1960 15 Sheets-Sheet 13 MA /V/ Foz 20 Ps/ M4N/raza waqjw@ Nov. 12, 1963 w. v. MARBACH 3,110,058

SHIRRING MACHINE v Filed June 7. 1960 15 sheets-sheet 14 .H E NM K P m Filed June 7, 1960 Ehm/MW@ United States Patent O @,lltLS MACH Walter V. Marbach, Palos Heights, ill., assignor to Union Car' ide Corporation, a corporation of New Yori( Filed .lune 7, 1959, Ser. No. 34,4% it? Claims. (Ci. l-dl) This invention relates to shirring machines for shirring tubing to form casings for sausage and the like.

Machine heretofore provided for shirring cellulosic tubing have required manual operation. The operators hand gasped a shirred length of casing for deshirring a short terminal portion, tensioning said portion and severing the tensioned portion from the supply of unshirred casing, and transferring the severed shirred casing for compressing and doiiing. These manual operations resulted in nonuniformity of the iinished casings in length, or damage to pleats. v

lt is therefore the main object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of manual operation, and to provide an automatic controlled shirred casing length, compressed transfer, shirringv machine for carrying out the desired operations for shirring sausage casings.

vOther objects are to provide shirred and compressed cellulosic sausage casings of an exact casing length and with a maximum hole diameter, to automatically measure exact lengths of casings from a plurality of supply reels and sever them contiguous lto the terminus of shirred casing; to automatically control the forward movement of loosely compressed casing leaving the shirring zone, the control means simultaneously, firmly compressing the adjacent previously shirred piece of tubing; to automatically separate cut pieces of casing shirred on a mandrel and transfer the `advanced piece to and through a mandrel supporting clamp without deranging the shirred pleat pattern; to compress a shirred casing in a plurality of compression stages wherein at least one stage, the compression force is uniformly land gradually applied; to automatically and successively shirr a measured length of flattened cellulosic tubing to a shirred tube of a large hole size, firmly compress a preceding shirred tubing, tightly compress a preceding shirred tubing on a common mandrel, and restrain to prevent lengthwise expansion of a preceding shirred ltubing or a doliing mandrel; and to provide an automatic shirring machine with components of each successive operating step of the cycle interlocked to interrupt the cycle, unless functioning safely.

lt is a further object to apply the compressing force radually to the axis of the loosely compressed shirred casing, and to maintain the casing under the iinal compression force for an extended time interval.

According to the present invention, sausage casings are manufactured by shirring a measured length of flattened cellulosic tubing on a mandrel as a rst stage, severing the measured length from unshirred casing supply, applying axial force to the trailing end of said shirred length to advance it further lalong the mandrel and subject it to compression as a second stage and in a third stage tightly compressing the shirred casing by applying axial force to the trailing end of said advanced second stage length.

The `casing is processed in three separate stages. In the shirring stage, the casing is condensed to about 1/g5th the original length. In the compressed stage, it -is condensed to about loth the original length. In the tightly compressed stage, it is further compressed to about 1/75th the original length, and then retained in compression until transferred to a doffing station.

The attened tubing is passed from metering and feeding rolls onto a mandrel. The leading end of the shirring mandrel has a cylindroconical tip to assist in shirring ice startup at a supply reel change, and improve supply and distribution of the lubricated inflation air. The air supply is vented into the casing on the conical portion of the tip and thus is more effectively trapped by the casing upstream of the cylindrical portion of the tip. The air flows over the cylidnrical portion of the tip to assist in centering and advancing the casing; and downstream of the tip, is vented to the atmosphere through a central passage in the mandrel.

Two pairs of annular grooved rolls are arnanged in tandem to provide central spaced passages intermediate the metering rolls and shirring passage, lto align and support over 20 percent of the casing in the span between the metering rolls and the shirring passage. The tip of the mandrel is positioned intermediate the spaced alignment passages to ensure advancing the casing centrally on the mandrel at startup and to assist in threading up the casing at ia reel change.

The new machine has an arrangement for momentarily increasing the pressure of casing inflating air from about 6 p.s.i. normally used to about 18 p.s.i. to stiffen and advance the inflated tubing thereby enabling the shirring means 4to effectively grip 'and pleat the casing at startup. The acceleration rate of the machine drive at startup of the shirring cycle is slowed down about 60 percent of normal acceleration rate to permit the open end of the casing to seal itself against the adjacent holdbaclr surface before high speed shirring begins.

Lubrication of the cogs of the shirring rolls and interior of the cellulosic Icasing with a suitable lubricant is essential to facilitate shirring of the casing and to avoid abrasion damage thereto.

After a desired length of casing has been shined, the feed rolls and the shirring action of the head are stopped. rThe head is then retracted from the shirred casing, thereby exposing unshirred casing for manipulation by a casing severing and transferring member.

To sever the unshirred casing exactly adjacent to the terminus of the shin'ed casing, the unshirred casing is encircled and gripped by a powered grip member immediately trailing the terminus of the shirring, then the gripping means are advanced on the mandrel to locally stress the :casing between the gripping means and halted metering rolls and thereby sever the casing at the leading edge of the grip member.

To automatically transfer the severed shirred casing on the mandrel, from the shirring zone to and through spaced compression stations and a rdoiiing station, tandem spaced gripping members which engage to encircle the mandrel, are axed to a movable holdback larm which separates the severed trailing end of the previously shirred piece from the leading end of the casing next to be shirred. The spaced gripping members of the holdback arm initially control the advance of the pieces of shirred casings along the mandrel. Later in the cycle when the holdback arm has been completely advanced, a cooperating transfer arm is indexed between the spaced gripping members of the 'holdback arm. Thus, control of movement of the previously shirred piece of casing is transferred from the gripping members of the holdback arm to the gripping member of the transfer -arm for successive indexing of the casing to spaced compressing and rdo'ing stations.

The transfer arm and the partly-compressed casing are moved rapidly through a rst mandrel clamp to a compressing station on the mandrel where auxiliary compressing power is transmitted to the transfer arm, to highyly-compress lthe partly-compressed casing against the adjacent surface 'of a second clamp.

A dofiing device is arranged with a separate mandrel 'aligned to receive the highly-compressed piece of casing advanced from the shirring mandrel. A separate retention means cooperates with the doiing mandrel, retaining the casing and preventing it from expanding beyond a specific length. An attendant may, by remote control, rotate the cloning unit out of alignment with the shirring mandrel; the compressed casing being then released trom the retention means for removal to the shipping packag In the drawings: Y l FIGURE 1 is a Idiagrammatic side elevation of a shirring apparatus, showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is la diagrammatic side elevation of a modiied three-mandrel shirring apparatus;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective of the upper portion of a shining apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 and showing a mandrel positioned in a central passage of the shirring means;

FIGURE 4 is a perspective of the principal drive elements;

FIGURE 5 is a perspective of the doiiing device in a position for removal of finished casing;

FIGURE 6 is an axial sectional view 'of portions of the shirring mandrel gripped in the shirring machine clamps; Y

FIGURE 7 is an enlarged sectional view of shirring mandrel 12 along line 7-7 of FIGURE 8;

FIGURE 48 is a transverse section of the entry end off the shirring mandrel;

FIGURE 9 is a top sectional View of shirring mandrel 12 taken along line 9-9 'of FIGURE 7;

FIGURE 10 ris an enlarged diagrammatic side elevation of the shirring head and holdback arm in retracted position and unshrred casing exposed;

FIGURE 11 is an enlarged diagrammatic side elevation of the shirring head in advance position, and the un- Ishirred casing severed;

FIGURE 12 is a diagrammatic plan of a portion of FIGURE 11;

FIGURES 13, 14 and 15 are diagrammatic side elevations of components at successive stages of the shirring and compressing cycle;

FIGURE 13 at 64 percent of the machine cycle;

FIGURE 14 at S0 percent of the machine cycle;

FIGURE 15 at 90 percent of the machine cycle;

FIGURE 16 is a side elevation of a general assembly of the machine;

lFIGURE. 17 is a plan off the machine shown in FIG- URE 16;

FIGURE 18 illustrates, lin block diagram, the electrical circuits which can be employed for the automatic shirring machine shown in the preceding igures of the drawings;

FIGURE 19 illustrates diagrammatically the electrical circuits for controlling the shirring motor and associated operations shown in FIGURE 18;

FIGURE 20 illustrates diagrammatically the electrical circuits for controlling the transfer carriage motor and associated operations shown in FIGURE 1S;

IFIGURE 21 illustrates diagrammatically the electrical `circuits for controlling the doiing device and associated interlocks with the motor controls of FIGURES 19, 20;

FIGURE 22 illustrates, in block diagram, the pneumatic circuits which can be employed for the automatic ishirring machine shown in the preceding ligures of the drawings;

FIGURE 23 illustrates diagrammatically the pneumatic circuits for controlling rthe shirring head, holdback carriage, transfer `carriage and auxiliary compressor shown in FIGURE 22; and

FIGURE 24 illustrates diagrammatically the pneumatic circuits for controlling the dofling device shown in FIGURE 22.

As shown in FIGURE l, a supply of flattened tubing, such Ias cellulosic tubing 13, is intermittently withdrawn from a supply reel 14 in measured lengths, such as 40 n., 44 ft. ons 55 n. by o' pas or horizontally jonrones metering rolls 16. The flattened tubing 1S is advariced through metering rolls i6, expanded to iniiated tubing 2li as by gaseous means, land by means of a plurality or" pairs of annular grooved rolls .15* is aligned centrally onto hollow mandrel 12 `to and through zone of shirring S.

The leading end of the mandrel 12 has cylindroconical .tip 7@ (FIG. 6) positioned at about 55 percent the distance from Shir-ring passage I" to the nip of metering rolls 16.' Two pairs of annular grooved rolls I9", as more particularly shown in FIGURE 12, are arranged in tandem to provide spaced circular passages 21 which support the casing karound its circumference and align it central to mandrel 12. The passages formed by the pairs of annular grooved rolls 19, as more particularly shown in FIGURE 1G, are spaced to grip and support about 2O percent of the casing span intermediate the metering rolls 16 and the shirring passage P. Circular passages 21g thus prevent the wandering of casing caused by telescoped or norrilat supply reels of casing.

Optimum guidance for casing 2@ onto mandrel y12, as more particularly shown in FIGURES 6, 7, 8 and 9, is provided by making cylindrical portion Stil of the tip of a diameter at least 0.620 inch less than the minimum inside diameter of inflated casing 2t?. Tip lil of mandrel 12 supplies the gaseous inating means to casing Ztl through a plurality of holes 72 bored in the upper portion of the cone and connected to internal chamber 74. The gaseous means which, for example, may be air under pressure `of about 6 p.s,i. during shirning, is momentarily increased to La pressure :of about 18 p.s.i. at the start of the shirring when metering rolls 16 start advancing casing 13 to inflate, stiften and advance the leading lopen end of `unshirred inflated casing 20 to the adjacent surface of holdback arm 31 whereby the air is sealed into 'the casing and pleating of the casing is started. The momentary increase in mand-rel air pressure at the start of `the shirring cycle is accomplished by actuating an electrical timedelay relay 21d as shown on FIGURE 19, which operatively connects valve 2.11 as shown on FIGURE 23, thereby connecting the normal 8 psi. of mandrel air supply to a source of 2O p.s.i. air.

Air is supplied from any convenient :source to bore 7S Of mandrel 12, las by internal passage 75 through clamp C communicating with bore 78 through radial opening 76 in the mandrel wall. The air is led to chamber 74 and by holes 72 to iniiate casing 2t?. An ioversupply of lubricated yair is provided to luhricate the mandrel. The circulating air advances along the cylindrical portion 8@ of the tip and is additionally -used to center and advance casing Ztl to the shirring passage I). The oversupply of air is vented to an interior tube 82 central of mandrel bore 78, by means of passage 85 made by llats S4 on mandrel l2 and by radial holes 85 bored through the mandrel and plug S7. The `air then advances along tube 82 to an exit orice $3 positioned in advance of clamp K.

Referring now to FIGURE 4 and yto the electrical block diagram FIGURE 18, main drive motor 32 is intermit? tently operated iduring each shirring cycle bythe control circuit shown on FIGURE 19 to rlrive jackshaft 36 to timing belt drive 34. Acceleration of motor 32 is delayed at the start of each shirring cycle by delay start resistors Z50. A delay of at least two seconds for the motor to reach full speed, enables the means `described above t0 advance the leading end of casing 29 to and through the shirring passage P and seal it against the `holdoacl: surface 31 without jamming the casing on mandrel 12.

Iaclcshaft 36 Idrives metering rolls 116 through timing belt drive 3S and shaft itin Shaft 441, in turn, drives shirring head drive 42 through chain drive 44. Iaclishaft 36 also drives cam shaft :52 through timing belt drive 46 and speed reducer 48 and change gear train 5d. Canr shaft S2 makes one revolution per machine cycle. The

length of casing drawn into each machine cycle by metering rolls 16 is adjusted by changing the ratio of the drives between metering rolls 16 and cam shaft '52. Referring now to FlGURE 23, cam .shaft 52 mounts the cycle cam 45, short length cam 47 and auxiliary compressor cam 43. Cycle am 45 determines length of casing shirred, by halting shirring motor 32 when a predetermined length has been advanced through the metering rolls. Short length cam 47 permits declutching of the shirring head and metering rolls i6 to nish out a cycle when a splice, or short length the easing `supply occurs. Compression cam 43 operates .to trip compressor cam pilot valve 148 which actuates doffing device interlock valve 16 (Fif- URE 24), which in turn, actuates valve 142 to operate pneumatic cylinder 3.65 opening clamp Kf and also aetuates valve l@ to operate pneumatic cylinder 92 thereby retracting com ressor arm This operation predete mines the length of time casing 2d is under high compression.

iackshaft 36 also drives the holdoack arm 3d (FlGURE 3) through ytiming belt drive 54, speed reducer 56 and chain drive 58; thus controlling the advance of shirred casing 22 from the zone of shirring S. At termination of the shirring cycle, electrically operated clutch d@ is deenergized which thereby disconnects holdback chain drive 53 from reducer 5:5, thus permitting holdback arm Sil to be returned by air cylinder e9 to zone or" shirring S. At start of the shirring cycle, electrical time delay relay ZS (FIGURE 19) holds the circuit open momentarily, and thus clutch 6l) is not immediately operatively connected to the holdback chain drive This delay momentarily halts movement of the holdback arm 3% and allows an amount of the casing at startup to be shirred against holdback fork 3l to a shirred density approximately that of the remainder of the shirfred length of casing.

As shown 'm FIGURE 3, the desired length of inflated casing is loosely shirred by a suitable shining means S, (including those described in copending Matecki applica- -tion Serial No. 744,444 and Patent Nos. 2,983,949 and 2,984,574 against the forked surface 3l on cooperatively yielding holdbacl; arm .3%. Referring now to FIGURE l0, holdback arm 343' has ya holdback fork 3l and powered gripping jaws 33 forming tandem spaced surfaces, each of `which encircle and grip the mandrel and separate the loosely slurred casing 22 from firmly-compressed casing previously shirred. The gripping jaws on fork 3l are pivoted and spring-loaded to the closed position. Initial engagement ofthe gripping jaws with the mandrel spreads the ja 's and then the spring action causes them to encircle and grip the mandrel. Shortly after the shirring means starts to operate, the holdback arm 3? is advanced at a spe iiic rate by holdbaclt chain drive 5d. This restricts the advance of the Aloosely shirred casing 22 from the zone of shirring S; provides about a l/gth length reduction in the casing and rrnly-compresses previously shirred casinsy 24 against the adjacent surface of clamp C.

D ring the shirring operation, holdbaci; arm 3b* is advanced by chain drive 53 .to control the shirred density of casing sticlc 22 and partly-compressed stick 24. When the desired length of casing, such as 55 ft., has been pleated as loosely shirred casing 22, cycle cam i5 opens cycle stop switch 23S (FlGURE 2l), thereby `de-energizing Shir-ring drive starter 2&2, motor 32 and energizing brake 23% through motor brake relay 214.

Referring particularly to FIGURE 23, when shirring stops, holdback arm 3? has been advanced fully to engage pneumatic valve 122 which triggers a sequence of interloclied pneumatically controlled operations. Transfer arm 64 has been previously retracted and indexed yas later described, opposite holdbaclt arm 3d.

When both holdbaclc right pilot valve 122 and transfer device left pilot valve i321 have been actuated, valve i144 operates pneumatic cylinder 65 to swing transfer arm 64 `into engagement with mandrel l2, between spaced surfaces 3l an 33 of the holdback arm Si?. Cycle limit switch 233 causes solenoid operated valve 272 to close, thereby venting psi. 'air from pneumatic cylinder llt-4 and thus causing C clamp to open. This occurs only when left limit switch 212i? has been actuated by contact of transfer carri-age 97, and transfer arm 64 has engaged arm-in valve 46. Actuation of transfer arm-in valve E46 actuates holdbac; arm valve 114 to operate pneumatic cylinder 67, thereby causing holdback arm Si) to disengage from mandrel l2.

When transfer arm `64 is engaged with mandrel 12 and pneumatic cylinder 67 swings holdback arm 13@ out of engagement Iwith the mandrel, the trailing end of casing 24 is transferred to the leading surface of transfer arm 64. rEhe leading surface of arm 64 mounts gripping members which are spring-loaded to be held open when not engaged by the mandrel, and are thus arranged always to accept mandrel l2 at engagement.

Actuation of holdbaclr of hold'baclr arm-out pilot valve iid (FG. 23) and limit switch 222 (FGURE 20), which closes when holdbaclt anni 3d' disengages the mandrel thereby causes; pilot valve i12 to operate pneumatic cylinder 66 thereby retracting shirring head S; pilot valve 13? to actuate valve 128 to operate pneumatic cylinder 69 thereby retracting holdbaclr arm 3dr to the left to contact pilot valve E2G; transfer motor S2 and drive SS to advance transfer carriage 97 to the right, if C clamp limit switch 224 is closed and C clamp-cleared switch 232 is opened.

When holdback left pilot valve i29- is actuated by holdback arm 30 reaching its retracted, leftmost position, it actuates valve M4 to operate pneumatic cylinder 67 to swing holdback arm 3; into engagement with mandrel l2; which in turn, actuates holdbaclt arm-in pilot valve llo. When valve ll is actuated it causes valve i12 to operate pneumatic cylinder 65 advancing shirring head S to the right, thereby contacting at 35 and advancing holdback arm 3i? and exhausting holdback cylinder 69; and C clamp pilot valve i3d to actuate valve i4@ and operate pneumatic cylinder MF4 to close clamp C, if transfer carriage 97 has tripped C clamp-cleared pilot valve 34.

Shirring head S is arranged to be advanced and retracted parallel to mandrel l2. In the retracted position, the shirring head is disengaged from the terminus of the shirred casing, thereby enabling pneumatic cylinder 67 to swing the holdbacit arm 3d into engagement with mandrel l2 behind the said termin-us. The advanced gripping member 33 of holdback arm 3d is comprised of pivoted plate jaws 4l, 4in, mounting mating gear segments which are actuated by pneumatic cylinder 63. Upon engagement with mandrel l2, the gripping jaws 4l, 4in firmly encircle and `grip casing Ztl, thus segregating the loosely shirred portion 22 from unshirred casing 2b. The holdback arm-in phot valve ll@ actuates valve il? which operates pneumatic cylinder d8 to close the pivoted gripping jaws 33 firmly about mandrel l2'.

Continuing in the sequence of electro-pneumatic operations described above, and referring also to FlGURE ll, holdback arm 3% is advanced by the shirring head S to a position in advance of the shirring passage l). The advanced gripping member 33 of holdback ann 30 grips the encircled portion of unshirred casing Ztl and advances and thereby tensions the casing Ibetween the gripping means and the halted metering rolls i6. lThis severs the casing at the leading edge of the grip 33t, thereby separating the metered shirred length -22 from unshirred casing 2li.

Meanwhile, in the sequence of operations described above and referring again to FGURE 3, clamp C has been opened whereupon the transfer arm 64 and casing Z4 are advanced along mandrel l2 to and through clamp C by chain drive 8S operated .by motor 82. Clamp C is closed yby transfer carriage 97 actuating pilot valve 134 (FlGURE 23) and another shirring cycle is started by the following controls. When clamp C is closed, it trips limit switch 224 (FIGURE which causes the shirring cycle to start if holdback arm 3@ is in start position sensed by limit switch 294 (FIGURE 21); and causes time delay relay 2tlg (FGURE 19) controlling clutch 69 to start functioning.

As transfer carriage 97 advances arm on mandrel 12, it trips C clamp-cleared pilot valve 134 and clampcleared switch 232 which causes transfer carriage motor starter 264 to be {le-energized and motor S2 to be stopped by energizing Ibrake 2552; actuates C clamp interlock valve 133 to actuate valve 14% operating pneumatic cylinder 164 to close C clamp; actuates compressor valve 3.59 operating pneumatic cylinder- 92 to cause compressor arm 9G to engage 4transfer arm 64 thereby to tightly compress casing stick 26 against the adjacent surface of closed clamp K- After the machine has gone through about 60 percent of the complete operation cycle, compressor cam 43 actuates the control sequence noted abo-ve, which retracts compressor arm 99 from contact with transfer arm 64, and opens clamp KY When clamp K opens, switch 226 energizes starter 204 in advancing direction and deenergizes brake 282 and causes motor 152 to advance transfer carriage 97 to and through clamp "f Transfer arm 64 thereby pushes tightly-compressed casing 28 from ythe advance end of the mandrel 12 onto dofling mandrel 94 (FIGURE 5) of rotatably mounted doflng unit 96 which, during this operation, is aligned with shirring mandrel 12.

When transfer carriage 97' reaches its rightmost position, it contacts pilot valve 136 and right limit switch 221 which causes; transfer carriage motor starter 264 to be de-energized and motor S2 'to be stopped by energizing brake 282; actuates valve 144 operating pneumatic cylinder 65 to disengage transfer arm 64 from the mandrel 12 and out of contact with pilot valve .146; actuates valve 142 operating pneumatic cylinder 136 to close clamp i, exhaust doing device interlock valve 166 (FIGURE 24) and C clamp interlock valve 138.

When transfer arm 64 disengages mandrel 12, it `actuates arm-out limit switch 222 which causes; transfer carriage motor starter 264 to be energized in retracting direction, de-energizes brake 232 thereby causing motor 82 to retract transfer carriage 97 to the leftmost position, actuating left limit switch 22) and pilot valve 13,2. This, in turn, causes transfer carriage drive to become de-energized by limit switch 226' and at this station, transfer l arm 64 is indexed with advancing holdback arm 30. Transfer arm '64 is slidably engaged with spring-loaded carriage 97 by coil spring 9,9 which yields when carriage 97 is retracted beyond the indexing position where transfer arm `64 engages indexing carriage 93. Indexing carriage 93 has previously been advanced to the indexing position by contact at 37 with advanced holdback arm 30. This indexing action aligns the rctracting transfer `arm 64 with advancing holdback yarm 30 and thus, in the control sequence already described, permits transfer arm 64 to swing into engagement with -mandrel 12 intermediate fthe spaced surfaces of advancing holdback arm 3@ also engaged with mandrel 12. Transfer arm `64 engages mandrel '12 immediately after the shirring cycle has been completed.

Operations ofthe rotatably mounted dofin'g unit 96 are electro-pneumatically interlocked with the shirring, compressing operations by control circuits shown on FIG- URES 2l, 24. When, as described above, transfer arm 64 has advanced to its rightmost position and thereby advancing a fully compressed casing stick 28 onto doing mandrel 94, lit contacts pilot valve 136 which, in turn, actuates dofiing device interlock valve 166. Actuation of valve 166 in turn actuates valve 144 which disengages transfer arm 64 from mandrel 94. At the same time, valve 1166 actuates valve 161? which operates pneumatic cylinder 192, swinging compressor arm 98 into enga-gement with dofring mandrel 94. 'compressor arm 93 swings into engagement with mandrel 94, it actuates normally closed two-way valve 264 which causes; pneumatic cylinder 100 to advance compressor arm 9S to compress the stick 23, preventing it from expanding in length.

Casing stick 23 can be removed after the operator simultaneously actuates both spaced push buttons 250, 251i. This operation opens solenoid valve 276, actuating valve 15S to operate pneumatic cylinder S7 which is attached to a :gear rack, and engages a gear on shaft 9S thereby rotating the entire doing device out of alignment with mandrel 12. Valve 15S also actuates valve 160 lwhich reverses the air at pneumatic cylinders 101) and 102, thereby retracts and disengages compres-sor arm 9S, and thus casing stick 28 may then be removed.

The operator can return the doli'ing device into alignment 'with mandrel 12 by repeating the simultaneous actuation of push buttons 25S, '251 When the dofling device is in the out position, it contacts and closes switch 230 thereby `opening switch 255. Thus, when the operator repeats the contact of push buttons 250, 25'1, solenoil 274 is actuated which reverses valve 158 thereby returning the dofling `device to alignment with mandrel 12. When the doiiing device is aligned with mandrel 12, it contacts mandrel interlock valve 162, clearing the shirring operation control circuit and assuring that the dofng device is empty of casing and correctly positioned with mandrel 12.

Thus, doliing runit 96 functions as a reservoir for iinished casing 2S, which is prevented from expanding in length by retention surface 98, as shown in FIGURE 5.

The operations described are completely automatic, but are dependent upon the electro-pneumatic interlock system shown in block diagrams on FIGURES 18 and 22.

En the electrical system diagram (FIGURE 18), the power source which for example may be 440 y. AC., 60 cycle, 3 phase, is used to `drive motors 32, 82 and through transformer 27S provides 110 v. A.C. for the three inte-rrelated control circuits schematically shown on FIG- URES v19, 20 yand 2l. The 110 v. A.C. is connected rectifier 262 to provide 90 V. D.C. for actuating solenoid operated motor brakes 28), 282, reel brake 284 and electrically operated clutch 60. The solenoid operated valves shown on the electrical control circuits and also on the pneumatic circuits are actuated by the v. AC., 60 cycle control circuit.

`In the pneumatic system (FIGURE 22), three pressure sources are used to actuate the pneumatic elements. They are supplied by appropriate manifolds. The 80 p.s.i. system provides power to operate the pneumatic cylinders actuating the various clamps, carriages, etc., described in detail in FIGURES 23, 24. The 20 p.s.i. system is used to return compressor arm 90, `open clamps C and K and furnish the momentary mandrel inflation pressure at the start of the shirring cycle. The 8 pis-i. air system is used to provide the mandrel ination `air during the larger part of the shirring cycle.

In operation at the start of a shirring cycle, as shown in FIGURE 1, casing piece 22 which has previously been shirred and severed from unshirred casing 2li, is in loosely shined condition, and casing piece 26 is in tightly compressed condition between transfer arm 64 and adjacent surface of clamp K. Mandrel 94 of dohng station 96 is vacant of casing.

In FIGURE 13, the operating components are at 64 percent of the cycle. Casing piece 24 lhas been firmly compressed between advance surface of holdback arm 30 and adjacent surface of clamp C Clamp K is opened and a tightly-compressed casing has been transferred through the opened clamp along mandrel 12 by transfer arm 64, from the tightly compressed zone onto dofhn'g mandrel 94 to retain the formed stick 2S. Retention surface 98 is shown swinging into engagement with mandrel 94 as transfer arm 64 is being disengaged therefrom.

Q Arm 64 is then retracted and retention surface 98 -is advanced to maintain casing piece 28 under compression.

In 'FIGUR-E 14, the operating components are in posit-ion at 80 percent of the cycle. Doi'ling unit 96 is turned about and retention surface 93 is disengaged from mandred 94, thus permitting doliing the finished casing stick 23 therefrom. Transfer arm 64 is retracted and holdback arm 30 is advanced, and each are shown engaging indexing carriage 93. This indexes the two arms into mutual position permitting the transfer gripping surface of arm 64 to fit between the two lspaced holdback fork surface 3l and gripping surface 33 on mandrel 12.

In FIGURE 15, the components are at 90 percent of the cycle. Shining has been completed, clamp C is open, and transfer arm 6-4.- is shown pushing casing 24 up to the adjacent surface of clamp Kf Holdback arm 30 has been swung out lof engagement with mandrel 12, and retracted to the shirring zone immediately after shirring head S has been retracted from the zone of shirring.

immediately before completion of the machine cycle, as shown in FIGURE 1, clamp C is closed. Casing piece is in position in tightly compressed condition between the transfer arm 64 and adjacent surface of clamp K Holdback arm is swung into engagement with mandrel 12. Arm 30 is advanced when shirring head S is advanced to shirring position, and the leading edge 33 of holdback arm 3@ engages the terminus of loosely shirred casing 22 thereby tensioning unshirred casing 2Q and severing the same from the shirred casing 22.

rThe machine is arranged to operate continuously, repeating the automatic shining, severing, compressing, doiiing and transfer operations as long as successive shirred casing lengths are repeatedly removed from the terminal doiling station.

`if the finished shirred and compressed casing is not removed from the doffing station before the compression cycle of the succeeding piece is terminated, the interlock system hereinbefore described, halts the machine at the end of the shirring cycle. The machine automatically resumes operation as and when the finished compressed shirred casing is removed from the doing station.

ri`he automatic shirring machine of this invention requires only 30 to 4G percent attendance by an operator, thus permitting one operator to attend several machines, or one machine arranged with several shirring positions.

Method ciairns originally filed herein have been divided out and reasserted in copending application Serial No. 166,023, tiled January l5, 1962.

What is claimed is:

l. Apparatus for the manufacture of shirred casings comprising a shirring head, a shirring mandrel, means for operating said shirring Ihead to Shir successive measured lengths of flattened cellulosic tubing on the same shirring mandrel as a first stage of compression, means for applying axial force in the direction away from said shirring head to the trailing end of each successive shirred length to advance it further in the direction away from shirring head along the same shirring mandrel as a second stage of compression, and means for applying axial force to the trailing end of each successive advanced second stage length to advance it still further in 'the direction away from said shirring head along the same shirring mandrel as a third st-age of compression.

2. Apparatus for the manufacture of shirred casings comprising a mandrel having supply and discharge passages therein and a conical tip, feed rolls in advance of said tip for passing a flattened casing onto said mandrel, and means for iniiating said casing and cooperating therewith for lubricating the inside thereof, comprising means for passing lubricated air along said supply passage inside said mandrel, said conical tip having an imperforate point but having orifices spaced around the larger diameter thereof and `directed away from said point for discharging said lubricated air into the inside wall of said lil casing, whereby streams of air from said orifices pass along the conical surface of said tip until the air is trapped by said inside wall of said casing between said feed rolls in advance of the surface of the tip and returned in a larger annular reverse stream to lubricate the inside Wall of said casing, said annular reverse stream discharging beyond :said tip in the direction of travel through said discharge passage inside said mandrel.

3. ln apparatus for the manufacture of shirred casings, an elongated mandrel, a retractable shirring head having a shirring passage through which said mandrel passes, feed rolls for passing a flattened tubing onto said mandrel, means for inilating said tubing and passing the inflated tubing through said shining head, two pairs of annularly grooved rolls in tandem between the feeding rolls and the shirring passage, and through which pairs said tubing passes from said feeding rolls to said shirring head to provide central spaced passages to yalign and support the casing span.

4. in apparatus for the manufacture of shirred casings comprising `a shirring head, a mandrel, means for passing a measured lengt-h of flattened tubing over said mandrel and through said shirring head, means for retracting said smrring head axially rearward from the zone of shirring to expose the terminus of the shirred casing and a length of unshirred tubing rearward thereof, a powered grip member for encircling and gripping the unshiirred casing, and means for advancing said powered grip member along the mandrel to stress and part the tubing in said unshirred length thereof.

5. In la casing shirring machine comprising a shirring head, a shirring mandrel, means for maintaining said shirring mandrel at all times in alignment with said shirring head a clamp spaced along said shirring mandrel, a holdback fork engaging said mandrel between said shirring head and said clamp, means for moving said holdback fork away from said shirring head along said shirring mandrel for a predetermined travel short of said clamp to restrict the advance of casing shirred by said head, and gripping jaws carried by said holdback moving means ahead of said holdback fork for compressing a previously shirred casing against said clamp.

6. In a casing shirring machine comprising `a shirring head, a shirring mandrel, a clamp spaced along said mandrel, a holdback fork movable along said mandrel away from said shirring head, gripping jaws movable with said holdback fork to compress a shirred casing against said clamp, la transfer arm mounted for movement along said mandrel away from said shirring head, means for inserting said transfer arm between said holdback fork and said gripping jaws into engagement with said mandrel, means for opening said clamp, means for retracting said gripping jaws, and means for moving said transfer arm along said mandrel away from said shirring head for advancing said compressed shirred casing through said opened clamp to a further compression station.

7. ln a casing shirring machine comprising a mandrel, a shirring head for shirring a casing on said mandrel, a transfer arm movable into engagement with the trailing end of said shirred casing, means for moving said transfer arm along said shirring mandrel away from said shirring head to advance said shirred casing to a compression station, and booster means engaging said transfer arm and moving it further away from said shirring head along said shirring mandrel Aat said station for further compressing said shirred casing.

8. In a casing shirring machine comp-rising a mandrel, a holdback carriage movable parallel to said mandrel for a first travel, a transfer carriage movable parallel to said mandrel for a second travel, a transfer arm flongitudinally yieldabie on said transfer carriage, yand an indexing carriage movable parallel to said mandrel for an intermediate travel, coacting abutments on said holdback and indexing carriages for positioning said indexing carriage, and coating abutments on said indexing carriage 

1. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRRED CASINGS COMPRISING A SHIRRING HEAD, A SHIRRING MANDREL, MEANS FOR OPERATING SAID SHIRRING HEAD TO SHIR SUCCESSIVE MEASURED LENGTHS OF FLATTENED CELLULOSIC TUBING ON THE SAME SHIRRING MANDREL AS A FIRST STAGE OF COMPRESSION, MEANS FOR APPLYING AXIAL FORCE IN THE DIRECTION AWAY FROM SAID SHIRRING HEAD TO THE TRAILING END OF EACH SUCCESSIVE SHIRRED LENGTH TO ADVANCE IT FURTHER IN THE DIRECTION AWAY FROM SAID SHIRRING HEAD ALONG THE SAME SHIRRING MANDREL AS A SECOND STAGE OF COMPRESSION, AND MEANS FOR APPLYING AXIAL FORCE TO THE TRAILING END OF EACH SUCCESSIVE ADVANCED SECOND STAGE LENGTH TO ADVANCE IT STILL FURTHER IN THE DIRECTION AWAY FROM SAID SHIRRING HEAD ALONG THE SAME SHIRRING MANDREL AS A THIRD STAGE OF COMPRESSION. 